IP Header Fields (Cont.)

• Fragmentation offset (13 bits)

• • Where in the packet this fragment should be placed
  • Counted in 8-byte multiples
  • 0 for non-fragments or first fragments

• Time to live (8 bits)

• • Set to the maximum number of hops that the packet should be forwarded
  • Decreased by one by each router.
  • If it reaches 0, the packet is dropped

• Protocol (8 bits)

• • The protocol of the data portion of the packet
  • • E.g., TCP, UDP, etc.