Overview

• Applications such as Telnet, rlogin, and SSH use TCP

• Interactive applications such as these can cause TCP to create a lot of very small packets (1 TCP data byte, 40+ bytes of header)

• • Because people type so slow!
  • Each keystroke can generate 4 TCP packets
  • • Keystroke
    • ACK of keystroke
    • Echo of keystroke
    • ACK of echo

• TCP uses delayed acknowledgements and the Nagle Algorithm in order to reduce the amount of traffic sent